I. Introduction: AI's Expanding Role in Understanding and Interacting with Our Planet The Earth's biosphere faces unprecedented challenges, driven by anthropogenic climate change, accelerating biodiversity loss, widespread pollution, and unsustainable resource depletion. The urgency to find innovative and effective solutions for environmental monitoring, conservation, and sustainable management has never been greater. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularl

Artificial intelligence systems increasingly operate in complex, real-world environments where information is often incomplete, ambiguous, conflicting, or scarce. Traditional probability theory, which assigns a single, precise numerical value to the likelihood of an event (e.g., P(Rain) = 0.7), often struggles to faithfully represent these deeper forms of uncertainty . It can force an AI agent to express a level of confidence that isn't justified by the available evidence,

In Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Machine Learning (ML) and Optimization, there's a constant search for the "best" algorithm –...

1. Introduction: Redefining Computation in Robotics The history of robotics and artificial intelligence has largely been dominated by a paradigm centered on sophisticated computation performed by centralized control units. In this traditional view, robots are typically constructed from rigid components, driven by precise actuators like high-torque servo motors, and governed by complex algorithms executed within a distinct 'brain'. The primary goal of the controller is often

Embodied Intelligence (EI) represents a paradigm shift in Artificial Intelligence , focusing on systems integrated into physical or simulated bodies capable of sensing, acting, and learning through direct interaction with their environment. This approach contrasts sharply with traditional disembodied AI, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) , which operate primarily on abstract data without direct physical grounding . EI emphasizes the critical role of the physical body ,

Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber's 2017 book, " The Enigma of Reason, " presents a provocative and influential challenge to traditional views...

Artificial Intelligence constantly grapples with uncertainty . Real-world data is often incomplete, imprecise, vague, or even...

The prospect of Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)—an intellect vastly surpassing human cognitive performance across nearly all domains—presents both immense potential and profound risks. Among the most serious concerns is the possibility of existential risk (x-risk), defined as threats that could lead to human extinction or the permanent, drastic curtailment of humanity's future potential. While discussions often gravitate towards dramatic scenarios, a more insidious challen