Inverse problems represent one of the most fascinating and challenging concepts in quantitative finance. While forward problems help us...

Pro-rata rights give investors the option to maintain their ownership percentage in a company by participating in future funding rounds....

Mini tender offers are a lesser-known but important concept in the world of investing . This article will explain what mini tender offers are, how they work, their potential benefits and risks , and what investors should consider when encountering them. What is a Mini Tender Offer? A mini tender offer is a bid to purchase a company's shares directly from shareholders , but for less than 5% of the company's outstanding stock. This 5% threshold is crucial, as it allows the ent

In the fast-paced world of tech startups and digital platforms, investors are constantly seeking reliable indicators of a company's...

Liquidation overhang is a critical concept in venture capital and startup investing that can significantly impact a company's ability to...

Data leakage is a critical issue in artificial intelligence that can significantly impact the performance and reliability of AI models....

In private equity and venture capital , understanding performance metrics is crucial for making informed investment decisions. Two of the most important metrics are Distributed to Paid-In (DPI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). This article is about these metrics, explaining what they are, how they're calculated, and why they matter to investors . Distributed to Paid-In (DPI) What is DPI? DPI, or Distributed to Paid-In, is a cash-on-cash return multiple that measures the am